As the energy transition progresses, the United States faces a critical decision: reclaim domestic production or risk surrendering the fate of green energy to foreign control. In 2023, the country reached a record high in mineral imports, relying entirely on foreign sources for 15 critical minerals. With the United States possessing the second longest lead time to bring a mine into production in the world at 29 years, government pledges for net-zero emissions by 2050 and 50% of vehicles to be electric by 2030, remain a dream. The industry also grapples with climate-related disruptions, from drought in Arizona to snowstorms in Utah, further complicating efforts to increase domestic production.

The Western US, however, has remained a boon for mineral discoveries since the first explorers headed West. From copper to lithium to rare earths, the geological potential is limitless. Companies are exploring new technologies and methods, from AI-driven resource exploration to advanced recycling techniques, to ensure a more self-reliant future.

46 executives across the mining value chain have told GBR that the road ahead is complex, requiring innovation, technology, policy support and collaboration between industry, government, and academia. The stakes are high, but so is the potential for the Western US to reclaim its former production strength and reignite a new era of manifest destiny.