How has demand evolved in the water space?

RS: Demand in the water space has definitely evolved: our clients are adopting comprehensive approaches, looking at entire hydro basins or watersheds. They are often required to negotiate with other water users within those basins to secure the necessary water resources for their operations. This shift is not only notable in mining but is also occurring across other industries, highlighting the critical need for a holistic approach to water management.

Mining clients are increasingly integrating climate change considerations and climate models into their water management strategies. Models are being used to project future water and chemical mass balances and whether water treatment will be needed. The mining industry is ahead of many municipal clients in this regard.

What trends you have noticed in the mining sector?

RS: There is a growing trend of collaboration between mining companies and other water users, focusing on innovative approaches like water trading. For instance, a mining company near the ocean might invest in an oversized desalination facility to supply water for both its operations and local communities. An initiative like this supports their social license to operate and highlights the need for such partnerships. We are already seeing a stronger emphasis on water recycling in mining, particularly in copper extraction, where techniques like bioleaching are being developed to extract more value from waste rock. 

PS: The concept of "mining within a mine" is gaining traction, allowing us to economically extract additional value from waste rock. This method is less energy-intensive, requires less water, and is more environmentally sustainable in terms of permitting. Because this approach is cost-effective, it will help us to meet the rising demand for critical minerals that are vital for the energy transition.

What is the viability of tailings reprocessing in the Western USA?

PS: There are many technologies and approaches advancing towards commercialization that address recovery of minerals, metals and reagents of value from tailings. For tailings valorization, Stantec acts as a systems and solutions integrator.  As an example, we have partnered with Auxilium Technology Group (ATG), a Tucson, Arizona-based company specializing in tailings valorization technologies. Partnerships like these and Stantec’s world-class expertise in geotechnical, infrastructure, and water management allow us to holistically solve our clients’ challenges in tailings management. 

Can you discuss Stantec's viewpoint on reclamation?

PS:  In reclamation and closure, we aim for value-added solutions, such as transforming sites into solar farms or pumped storage facilities. Planning for reclamation starts early, considering the site's future, environmental impacts, and community needs. Nature-based solutions are crucial for effective reclamation and closure when appropriate and can be effective methods for carbon sequestration.

How are mining operations adapting to climate change and what challenges do they face?

RS: The impacts of climate change are evident, particularly regarding tailings and waste rock management. We have developed water and chemical mass balance models that show how climate change affects these processes. Mining clients recognize these challenges and incorporate this modeling into their operations. Yet the inherent uncertainties in models pose challenges for navigating future conditions. No model is foolproof and they all require contingency plans. We work with clients to avoid significant capital commitments until model accuracy is confirmed. 

PS: Traditional climate models may not be reliable anymore, so we must evaluate whether current structures can handle increased weather events over the mine's lifespan. While we cannot predict every scenario, we apply probabilistic risk analysis to evaluate the likelihood of specific events. We aim to design for a high confidence level to effectively protect operations.

What goals does Stantec have in the Western USA?

PS: We aim to attract and retain talent who share our mission, emphasizing our core values: prioritizing people, doing what is right, striving for excellence, and knowing what’s possible when we work together. 

RS: We use predictive modeling to understand climate change impacts on operations and apply models to manage watershed resources sustainably. As the global population increases, resource management will be critical. I envision mining companies evolving into commodity, recycling and energy firms, which are essential for a circular economy and a sustainable future.